Answer to Question 1
Work settings often are highly stressful environments for the following reasons. Occupational demands can cause stress, especially in jobs such as firefighters, senior executives, and surgeons. Conflict between work and non-work, such as the constant juggling of work and family responsibilities, can expose those involved to role conflictthe incompatibility between the expectations of parties or the aspects of a single role. Role ambiguity occurs when individuals experience uncertainty about what actions they should take to meet the requirements of a job. Overload and underload are important elements. Being asked to do too much can be stressful; so too can being asked to do too little. The lack of social support can cause managers to feel alone, especially when making undesirable decisions. Sexual harassment is far from rare in today's workplace. Indeed, in one recent poll, fully 30 percent of employed women indicated they had encountered such harassment at least once. Managers must motivate, reward or punish, and communicate with others. Having responsibility for others can cause managers to experience higher levels of stress and the physical symptoms accompanying it (e.g., hypertension) than those who handle other organizational areas.
Answer to Question 2
TRUE
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