Author Question: Describe briefly what the Gestalt principles of closure and continuity represent. What will be an ... (Read 77 times)

mrsjacobs44

  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 500
Describe briefly what the Gestalt principles of closure and continuity represent.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Explain and then compare the what/where hypothesis and the what/how hypothesis.
 
  What will be an ideal response?



kthug

  • Sr. Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 332
Answer to Question 1

Continuity: We tend to perceive smoothly flowing or continuous forms rather than disrupted or discontinuous ones.
Closure: We tend to perceptually close up, or complete, objects that are not, in fact, complete.

Answer to Question 2

A pathway in general is the path the visual information takes as it enters the human perceptual system through the eyes to its being completely processed. Generally, researchers agree that there are two pathways. Work on visual perception has identified separate neural pathways in the cerebral cortex for processing different aspects of the same stimuli. Perception deficits, such as ataxia and agnosia, indicate the existence of different pathways. The information from the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe is forwarded through two fasciculi (fiber bundles): One ascends toward the parietal lobe (along the dorsal pathway), and one descends to the temporal lobe (along the ventral pathway). The dorsal pathway is also called the where pathway and is responsible for processing location and motion information; the ventral pathway is called the what pathway because it is mainly responsible for processing the color, shape, and identity of visual stimuli. This is the whatwhere hypothesis. Most of the research in this area has been carried out with monkeys. In particular, a group of monkeys with lesions in the temporal lobe were able to indicate where things were but seemed unable to recognize what they were. In contrast, monkeys with lesions in the parietal lobe were able to recognize what things were but not where they were.

The whathow hypothesis is an alternative interpretation of the visual pathways. This hypothesis suggests the two pathways refer not to what things are and to where they are, but rather to what they are and to how they function. According to the whathow hypothesis, spatial information about where something is located in space is always present in visual information processing. What differs between the two pathways is whether the emphasis is on identifying what an object is or, instead, on how we can situate ourselves so as to grasp the object.

The what pathway can be found in the ventral stream and is responsible for the identification of objects. The how pathway is located in the dorsal stream and controls movements in relation to the objects that have been identified through the what pathway. Ventral and dorsal streams both arise from the same early visual areas. The whathow hypothesis is best supported by evidence of processing deficits: There are deficits that impair people's ability to recognize what they see and there are distinct deficits that impair people's ability to reach for what they see (how).



Related Topics

Need homework help now?

Ask unlimited questions for free

Ask a Question
 

Did you know?

Though Candida and Aspergillus species are the most common fungal pathogens causing invasive fungal disease in the immunocompromised, infections due to previously uncommon hyaline and dematiaceous filamentous fungi are occurring more often today. Rare fungal infections, once accurately diagnosed, may require surgical debridement, immunotherapy, and newer antifungals used singly or in combination with older antifungals, on a case-by-case basis.

Did you know?

Patients who have undergone chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer often complain of a lack of mental focus; memory loss; and a general diminution in abilities such as multitasking, attention span, and general mental agility.

Did you know?

Signs and symptoms of a drug overdose include losing consciousness, fever or sweating, breathing problems, abnormal pulse, and changes in skin color.

Did you know?

The top 10 most important tips that will help you grow old gracefully include (1) quit smoking, (2) keep your weight down, (3) take supplements, (4) skip a meal each day or fast 1 day per week, (5) get a pet, (6) get medical help for chronic pain, (7) walk regularly, (8) reduce arguments, (9) put live plants in your living space, and (10) do some weight training.

Did you know?

Human neurons are so small that they require a microscope in order to be seen. However, some neurons can be up to 3 feet long, such as those that extend from the spinal cord to the toes.

For a complete list of videos, visit our video library