Author Question: What study design allows study participants to serve as their own controls, allowing early trends in ... (Read 80 times)

CQXA · **on:** Jul 8, 2018

What study design allows study participants to serve as their own controls, allowing early trends in the data to emerge?

a. Cross-sectional
b. Ex post facto
c. Retrospective
d. Longitudinal

Question 2

How does an experimental research design differ from a nonexperimental research design?

a. Experimental designs allow observation of a phenomenon as it naturally occurs, and nonexperimental designs permit environmental manipulation.
b. Nonexperimental designs manipulate the dependent variable, and experimental designs manipulate the independent variable.
c. Nonexperimental designs attempt to test differences among variables, and experimental designs attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
d. Experimental designs are scientific, and nonexperimental designs have no scientific basis.

nickk12214 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 8, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D

Feedback
A Cross-sectional design does not allow for intraparticipant comparisons because data are collected at one point in time.
B In ex post facto research, events have already occurred; intraparticipant comparison is not involved.
C Retrospective studies are similar to ex post facto research. In ex post facto research, events have already occurred; intraparticipant comparison is not involved.
D In longitudinal studies, subjects serve as their own controls, and trends in the data can emerge.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C

Feedback
A Nonexperimental designs allow observation of phenomena; experimental designs permit environmental (variable) manipulation.
B Nonexperimental designs involve no manipulation of variables.
C Experimental designs seek to establish cause-and-effect relationships by active manipulation of variables (e.g., treatments).
D Nonexperimental designs should have a scientific basis or rationale.