Author Question: Florence Nightingale researched mortality and morbidity rates in soldiers during the Crimean War and ... (Read 90 times)

Pineappleeh · **on:** Jul 8, 2018

Florence Nightingale researched mortality and morbidity rates in soldiers during the Crimean War and investigated various factors that influenced both, presenting her results as pie charts and graphs.

Consequently, it is known that she conducted which types of research? (Select all that apply.)
a. Phenomenologic research
b. Causational research
c. Descriptive research
d. Correlational research
e. Ethnographic research

Question 2

Which of the following statements about quantitative research is accurate? (Select all that apply.)

a. The results of quantitative research should be generalized back to the population from which the sample was drawn.
b. Quantitative research is always easy and straightforward to read and understand.
c. Quantitative research addresses quantities, connections, and causes.
d. Quantitative research predominates in the nursing research literature.
e. Quantitative research is always experimental.
f. Quantitative research provides answers to What? and Who? questions.

jgranad15 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 8, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C, D
Nightingale is noted for her data collection and statistical analyses during the Crimean War. She gathered data on soldier morbidity and mortality rates and the factors influencing them and presented her results in tables and pie charts, a sophisticated type of data presentation for the period. There is no evidence that she designed causational (experimental or quasi-experimental) research or any type of qualitative research.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A, C, D, F
The quantitative approach to scientific inquiry emerged from a branch of philosophy called logical positivism, which operates on strict rules of logic, truth, laws, axioms, and predictions. Quantitative research requires the use of structured interviews, questionnaires, or observations, scales, or physiological measures that generate numerical data. Statistical analyses are conducted to reduce and organize data, describe variables, examine relationships, and determine differences among groups. Control, instruments, and statistical analyses are used to ensure that the research findings accurately reflect reality so that the study findings can be generalized. Generalization involves the application of trends or general tendencies (which are identified by studying a sample) to the population from which the research sample was drawn. Researchers must be cautious in making generalizations, because a sound generalization requires the support of many studies with a variety of samples.