Answer to Question 1
ANS: A, D, F
Many smaller local health departments do not have the economic base to employ other professional public health providers, such as physicians, epidemiologists, sanitarians, and nutritionists at the local level. The lack of additional onsite public health providers poses two problems. First, the ability to collaborate with others about potential or actual public health problems is decreased or nonexistent. Second, the ranges of services provided are less comprehensive. Often, these small facilities can only offer federally funded programs with few locally funded services. The nurse should be able to think independently to determine what needs to be done and should be able to work without physician direction. Feedback can be obtained from the population that the nurse is serving. Local, state and federal funds may all support the services that the nurse is providing. It is unlikely that the nurse will need to raise funds to support the work of the department; there should be local funding available for this nurse's position.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C, E, F
Chronic disorders experienced at higher rates than in the general population include hypertension; musculoskeletal disorder; gastrointestinal problems; respiratory problems (asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema); neurological disorders, including seizures; and poor dentition. Like physical health problems, serious mental illnesses and minor emotional problems occur more frequently among the homeless population than in the general population. High rates of alcohol and drug use exacerbate the existing acute and chronic physical and mental health problems. The rates of hepatitis, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS are not seen at a higher rate among the homeless adult population.