A resident of an assisted living facility has ingested ...

[roselinechinyere27m]

A resident of an assisted living facility has ingested Clostridium difficile bacteria that was acquired from a chair in a common area of the facility. However, the resident did not become ill with the gastritis associated with the bacteria.
 
  Place the following steps in the woman's defense against the pathogen in the order in which they most likely occurred. (Use all the options.)
 
  A) Antibodies attack the antigen.
  B) A macrophage attacks the antigen and retains some of the antigen's protein on its surface.
  C) The antigen enters the resident's body.
  D) A macrophage carries the antigen's protein markers to lymphoid tissue.
  E) T lymphocytes interpret the antigen as foreign.

Question 2

A patient with a history of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes has begun displaying the characteristic signs and symptoms of diabetic nephropathy. The patient's nurse recognizes that the patient is at risk of disruptions to fluid balance.
 
  What role do the kidneys play in the maintenance of normal fluid balance?
  A) Secreting or withholding antidiuretic hormone in response to extracellular fluid volume
  B) Selectively retaining needed substances and excreting waste products
  C) Synthesizing and releasing angiotensin in cases of fluid volume deficit
  D) Maintaining the correct concentration of H+ ions in the blood

[gcook]

Answer to Question 1

C, B, D, E, A
Feedback:
The immune system works in the following manner:
1 . An antigen (invading bacteria) enters the body.
2 . A macrophage attacks the antigen and retains some of the antigen's protein on its surface.
3 . The macrophage carries the protein markers to lymphoid tissue where T lymphocytes interpret them as foreign.
4 . Stimulated by this activity, antibodies are produced by a white blood cell called a B cell and attack the antigens.

Answer to Question 2

B