A nurse demonstrates understanding of the continuity theory when ...

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A nurse demonstrates understanding of the continuity theory when the nurse provides which of the following advice to an older client? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. It is important to think about the activi-ties that have been most satisfying for you throughout your adult life and make a plan to continue them
  b. Since you enjoyed teaching young chil-dren so much, perhaps you would enjoy volunteering in the day care center
  c. It is important to save enough money so that you will have an adequate income during retirement
  d. It is important to maintain an active life-style as you age
  e. As you get older it is natural to slowly disengage oneself from many activities

Question 2

The nurse shows an understanding of the error group of aging theories when stating: (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Aging occurs differently for the various ethnic groups.
  b. Our genetic makeup is responsible for how we are affected by age.
  c. Aging is a result of mistakes in our RNA and DNA metabolism.
  d. The free radical theory is an example of an error theory.
  e. Aging effects are really random and un-predictable.

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: A, B
Continuity theory posits that individuals develop and maintain a consistent pattern of behavior over a lifetime. Successful aging is associated with one's ability to maintain and continue previ-ous behaviors and roles or find suitable replacements. Options A and B demonstrate this theory. Option C demonstrates the social exchange theory, which is conceptualized from an economic perspective. Option D demonstrates the activity theory, and Option E demonstrates the disen-gagement theory.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C, D, E
Answers A and B are congruent with programmed (nonerror) theories. The programmed theories are those in which the changes of aging are attributed to a process that is programmed and thought to be predetermined such as in the various ethnic groups. Research is currently looking at genes being responsible for aging. The programmed theories view aging as predetermined and not random. The error theories propose that aging is the result of an accumulation of errors in the synthesis of cellular DNA and RNA synthesis, and that changes related to aging are random and unpredictable. The free radical theory is an error theory.