Answer to Question 1
In a review of studies investigating the physiological and psychological benefits of mindfulness that focused on Kabat-Zinn's mindfulness-based stress reduction program, Dr. Lyn Freeman concluded:
MBSR may be effective for general stress reduction with nonclinical populations and for managing stress and mood disorders in patients with cancer. The evidence for benefits with clinical populations is suggestive, but more research is needed. On its face, MBSR appears to have great potential as an intervention in clinical and medical settings. Well-designed studies to support the uncontrolled findings must be performed before final conclusions can be drawn..
Although the mechanism through which mindfulness enhances psychological and behavioral functioning remains unclear, research indicates that the enhancement of mindfulness is associated with a variety of well-being outcomes such as reductions in pain, anxiety, depression, binge eating, and stress.
Answer to Question 2
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Sickle cell anemia. The clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia result from pathologic changes
Early Stress and the Prefrontal Cortex
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