Answer to Question 1
Answer: Stress is known to trigger two types of headaches. Tension headaches are mild to moderate headaches that typically feel like a constriction around the head. They can last from a few minutes to several hours. Migraines are much more severe and can be accompanied by nausea and vomiting as well as sensitivity to sound and light. They can last from hours to days. Stress can also increase chronic pain conditions such as lower back pain, fibromyalgia, and other pain disorders.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: When the degree of stress is not manageablewhen stressors are severe and persistentthe homeostatic mechanisms that formerly helped you adapt become depleted. At this point, your body enters an exhaustion phase and, as a result, you experience stress-related disease and burnout. Some researchers introduced the term allostatic overload to describe the exhaustion phase. The prefix allo- means variability, so an allostatic overload is a harmful state resulting from excessive change. But whether we call it exhaustion or allostatic overload, the result of chronic, excessive stress is always a failure of homeostasis, which is inevitably manifested as disease.
Probes can be used to detect specific macromolecules
Schematic overview of the cardiovascular system.
Effect of Inactivation of the Insula on Reinstatement of Drug-Seeking Behavior in Rats
Flynn Effect IQ scores have risen across developed countries in recent decades. Source: Flynn (199
Primary Glands of the Endocrine System
vomerolfactory system