Answer to Question 1
C
Answer to Question 2
Licensure: Hospitals must be licensed by the state in which they are located. Licensure requirements vary from state to state. In some states, meeting federal standards or the standards of a voluntary accrediting agency largely fulfills licensing requirements. To obtain the licensure requirements for hospitals in a given state, a health information manager would contact the agency in that state responsible for licensure of hospitals. Often, licensure requirements are available at the state agency's website.
Accreditation: Hospitals voluntarily seek accreditation to demonstrate to their patients, to their communities, to insurers, to managed care organizations, and to others that their organizations are providing quality care. As previously mentioned, The Joint Commission, the AOA's Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program (HFAP), and DNV Healthcare's NIAHO program offer voluntary accrediting programs whose standards and survey processes are deemed to be in compliance with the federal Conditions of Participation. The majority of U.S. hospitals are accredited by The Joint Commission. Of the three accrediting programs with deeming authority (TJC, HFAP, and NIAHO), the most recent addition is the NIAHO, a program of DNV Healthcare, Inc., an international organization originating in Norway. CMS granted DNV deeming authority in 2008 (DNV, 2010). The DNV approach is based on a combination of the ISO 9001 quality management protocols and the Conditions of Participation for Hospitals (Dowling, 2008). Both The Joint Commission and HFAP perform on-site surveys every three years, whereas DNV per-forms an annual on-site survey.