Research misconduct includes all of the following. Which is ...

[Yolanda]

Research misconduct includes all of the following. Which is considered to be the most serious?
 
  a. overlooking others' use of flawed data
  b. changing the design of a study in response to pressure from a funding source
  c. not presenting data that contradicts one's own work
   d. presenting fraudulent results

Question 2

Discuss the four types of equivalence and their importance to social research.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[amit]

Answer to Question 1

D

Answer to Question 2

lexicon

- consistency in language/communication context across cultures and time
- importance to keep from misinterpretation
conceptual
- consistency in concepts across time and cultures
- importance to keep from misinterpretation context
- same event across time and culture
- importance to keep from misunderstanding
- may not be able to interpret across cultures measurement

- cannot always use same measurement tool across cultures
- a survey might not be appropriate or relevant across cultures.