Answer to Question 1
D
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In renal failure, abnormal levels of potassium, calcium, and phosphate are found in the blood. Also, the kidneys become unable to remove waste products from the blood and body cells and excrete them in the urine. This toxic condition is associated with renal insufficiency and retention of nitrogenous substances in the blood (azotemia). The phases of renal failure may be characterized by oliguria (lack of urine) or diuresis (increased urine), or they may fluctuate, depending on the cause.
Answer to Question 2
A
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In an indirect inguinal hernia, which occurs most frequently in boys, the intestine protrudes through the round ligament into the inguinal area and may descend into the scrotal sac. Diaphragmatic hernia, which occurs rarely, is a condition in which a portion of the intestine protrudes through the diaphragm. In an umbilical hernia, a portion of the intestine protrudes through a weak umbilical ring, producing a bulge beneath the child's navel. A direct inguinal hernia protrudes through the weakest part of the abdominal wall.
Conjunctivitis, with the characteristic “pinkeye” appearance. A yellow crusty exudate is also common
Weber test: Place the base of the tuning fork on top of the client’s head.
To check pupillary reflexes the nurse first holds the penlight
Client’s view with visual field loss
Principles of Pediatric Nursing: Caring for Children (Ball et al.)