According to the DSM-IV-TR Axis guidelines, clinical disorders ...

[HudsonKB16]

According to the DSM-IV-TR Axis guidelines, clinical disorders are described as:
 
  a. Dependent, antisocial personality disorders, and levels of retardation
  b. Educational, housing, legal, and economic problems
  c. Heart and digestive disorders
  d. Mood disorder, substance abuse, and schizophrenic disorders

Question 2

A patient requires as-needed sedation. What would the nurse keep in mind when choosing a PRN sedative for an agitated patient?
 
  a. Intramuscular injection can be traumatic, so oral meds should be used where possible.
  b. Benzodiazepines are less sedating but have the advantage of no side effects.
  c. Lithium carbonate works well but only for those already taking regular daily dosages.
  d. Diazepam (Valium) is the preferred benzodiazepine because it is a short-acting sedative.

[Yixagurpuldink]

Answer to Question 1

D
The DSM-IV-TR describes five categories of disorders, with clinical disorders in Axis I described as mood disorder, substance abuse, and schizophrenic disorders. Dependent, antisocial personality disorders and levels of retardation describes Axis II; educational, housing, legal, and economic problems describes Axis IV; and heart and digestive disorders describes Axis III. There is also an Axis V, which comprises global assessment functioning (GAF), which includes overall levels of psychological, social, and occupational functioning.

Answer to Question 2

A
The intramuscular route can be traumatic for patients, particularly for trauma survivors, and can itself be perceived as an aggressive or punitive intervention. Benzodiazepines in sufficient dosage can be as sedating as antipsychotics and are not free of side effects; they are central nervous system depressants and can cause paradoxical excitement or aggression in some persons. Lithium carbonate reduces aggression in select situations involving chronic aggression but is not effective or appropriate for PRN use. Diazepam is a long-acting sedative and as a result would not be appropriate for PRN use.

[HudsonKB16]

Thank you

[Yixagurpuldink]

Happy to help you