Answer to Question 1
D
The DSM-IV-TR describes five categories of disorders, with clinical disorders in Axis I described as mood disorder, substance abuse, and schizophrenic disorders. Dependent, antisocial personality disorders and levels of retardation describes Axis II; educational, housing, legal, and economic problems describes Axis IV; and heart and digestive disorders describes Axis III. There is also an Axis V, which comprises global assessment functioning (GAF), which includes overall levels of psychological, social, and occupational functioning.
Answer to Question 2
A
The intramuscular route can be traumatic for patients, particularly for trauma survivors, and can itself be perceived as an aggressive or punitive intervention. Benzodiazepines in sufficient dosage can be as sedating as antipsychotics and are not free of side effects; they are central nervous system depressants and can cause paradoxical excitement or aggression in some persons. Lithium carbonate reduces aggression in select situations involving chronic aggression but is not effective or appropriate for PRN use. Diazepam is a long-acting sedative and as a result would not be appropriate for PRN use.
American geriatrics society clinical guideline
Centers for disease control and prevention guidelines
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Common Oral Lesions/Conditions Associated with HIV Infections and Treatment Guidelines
Drugs used to treat respiratory disorders.
Energy flow in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis