Answer to Question 1
Ans: B
Defense mechanisms (also known as coping styles) are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 as mechanisms that mediate the client's reaction to emotional conflicts and to external stressors. Some defense mechanisms (e.g., projection, splitting, acting out) are almost invariably maladaptive. Others (e.g., suppression, denial) may be either maladaptive or adaptive, depending on their severity, their inflexibility, and the context in which they occur. While defense mechanisms might seem to indicate the existence of a problematic mental state, this is not true. Healthy individuals in many different contexts use defense mechanisms. As with some other mental illnesses, the use of defense mechanisms becomes maladaptive when their persistent use reduces the client's quality of life. The degree to which a particular defense mechanism is maladaptive varies.
Answer to Question 2
Ans: B, C, D
Through active listening, the nurse focuses on what the client is saying to interpret and respond objectively to the message. While listening, the nurse concentrates only on what the client is saying and on the underlying meaning. The nurse usually responds indirectly, using techniques such as open-ended statements, reflection, and questions that elicit additional responses from the client. Changing the subject is avoided. Allowing the client to talk as he wishes reflects passive listening, which does not foster a therapeutic relationship.
The nurse conducts the health history as the first step in the nursing assessment
Nursing history for musculoskeletal assessment
Deliberative nursing is a constant process of validating perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.
Mechanisms of Action of Lipid-Lowering Drugs
Mechanisms That Lift Air: Cold front example
If drug elimination mechanisms become saturated, a drug may exhibit zero-order elimination.