Answer to Question 1
1. Elevated serum cortisol level
Rationale:
There are no laboratory studies that definitively diagnose mood disorders, but some abnormal findings are noted more often in mood-disordered individuals than in control subjects. One of these abnormal findings is an elevated serum cortisol level. Cerebral cortex changes on MRIs, alterations in cerebral blood flow from cerebral angiogram, and electrocardiogram changes are not associated with the diagnosis of mood disorders.
Answer to Question 2
1. Pain medication received
Rationale:
Certain medications, such as sleeping pills, tranquilizers, and pain medications, can cause symptoms similar to dementia. Therefore, the client's medication must be reviewed to determine the effects of drugs and cognitive changes. Although loss of a loved one may result in depression, it is unlikely to be the source of confusion. Age alone does not cause confusion, and cardiac disease alone would not cause confusion.
The nurse is using Standard Precautions to draw blood.
The nurse uses a noninvasive bladder ultrasound to measure the client’s bladder volume.
nurse
Pyloric Stenosis Symptoms
Testing client’s ability to identify sharp sensations
The client is positioned for the examination