Answer to Question 1
A
The body loses muscle strength when muscles are inactive. The rate of muscle decline varies with the degree of immobility, but it is rapid while mobility and weight bearing are restricted. These effects are devastating to patients who are marginally functional with their ADLs. This fatigue is a result of the bed rest, not from advanced age or urinary stasis. Reduced metabolism, not increased, leads to a loss of muscle and body mass, causing fatigue with prolonged activity. Urinary stasis does not affect activity level, but can lead to urinary tract infections.
Answer to Question 2
D
Three factors contribute to venous thrombus formation: (1) loss of integrity of the vessel wall (e.g., injury), (2) abnormalities of blood flow (e.g., slow blood flow in calf veins associated with bed rest), and (3) alterations in blood constituents (e.g., a change in clotting factors or increased platelet activity). These three factors are referred to as Virchow's triad. Disuse, atrophy, and shortening of muscle fibers and surrounding joint tissues cause joint contracture, not deep vein thrombosis.
Nurse palpating the patient's brachial artery
Patient teaching: hair and scalp assessment
Pigmented bands in nail of patient with dark skin
Nursing history for nose and sinus assessment
The medical assistant often has to reassure and comfort the patient before effective communication c
Embryonic: 2 To 8 Weeks