Answer to Question 1
B
Older patients become sleepier in the early evening (going to bed when the body is naturally sleepy is beneficial) and wake earlier in the morning, but still require the necessary 7 to 8 hours of sleep a day. Going to bed later would not be beneficial. Research indicates that exercise is beneficial, particularly for older adults, to improve nighttime sleep. General recommendations include increasing daytime activity or exercise, not taking a nap. The use of benzodiazepines in the older adult population is potentially dangerous. Long-term use and high doses in this population have been associated with suicidal ideation.
Answer to Question 2
C
Older adults awaken more often during the night, and it takes more time for them to fall asleep. To compensate they increase the number of naps taken during the day. Older adults spend more time in stage 1 and have less stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep; some older adults have almost no NREM stage 4 or deep sleep. Episodes of REM sleep tend to shorten, and there is less deep sleep and more lighter sleep.
Nurses may collaborate with social workers, physicians, and other members of the health care team to
The surgical nurse assists the client into the correct position
A Patient Being Prepared for Electroconvulsive Therapy.
Preoperative and Postoperative Patient Instructions
Pneumonia patient’s chest x-ray. Note the irregular areas of density.