When assessing what influences a patient's health beliefs and ...

[imanialler]

When assessing what influences a patient's health beliefs and practices, a nurse should consider both internal and external variables. Which is an example of an external variable?
 
  a. Intellectual background
  b. Emotional factors
  c. Spiritual factors
  d. Family practices

Question 2

Which of the following people developed the theory of cognitive development that describes children's intellectual organization and how they think, reason, and perceive the world?
 
  a. Sigmund Freud
  b. Jean Piaget
  c. Erik Erikson
  d. Lawrence Kohlberg

[xiazhe]

Answer to Question 1

D
Family practices is an external variable. Intellectual background, emotion factors, and spiritual factors are internal variable.

Answer to Question 2

B
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) developed the theory of cognitive development, which describes children's intellectual organization and how they think, reason, and perceive the world. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) provided the first formal structured theory of personality development. Freud's psychoanalytic model of personality development is grounded in the belief that two internal biological forces drive the psychological change in a child: sexual (libido) and aggressive energies. Erik Erikson divided life into eight stages, known as Erikson's eight stages of development. According to this theory, individuals need to accomplish a particular task before successfully completing each stage. Each task is framed with opposing conflicts, such as trust versus mistrust. Each stage builds upon the successful attainment of the previous developmental conflict. Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) expanded on Piaget's work. According to Kohlberg (1964), moral development is one component of psychosocial development. It involves the reasons an individual makes a decision about right and wrong behaviors within a culture.

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