Answer to Question 1
C
A bladder-retraining program includes initiating a voiding schedule.
Negative reinforcement should not be used when the client is incontinent. However, positive re-inforcement should be provided when continence is maintained.
The client should be offered protective undergarments (not adult diapers) to contain urine and reduce the client's embarrassment.
Tea, coffee, other caffeine drinks, and alcohol should be minimized.
Answer to Question 2
A
Survivors' feelings of distress range along a continuum from sadness to disabling depression (Vachon, 2006). The long-term presence of fatigue and sleep disturbances, for example, is often associated with anxiety and depression in many cancer survivors (Barton-Burke, 2006).
Sleep disorders and fatigue would not necessarily be expected at this point in the remission stage.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by an acute emo-tional response to a traumatic event or situation. Cancer survivors experience symptoms of PTSD (e.g., grief, nightmares, panic attacks, or fear) at a rate of 4 to 19, as a result of their diagno-sis, treatment, or a past traumatic episode.
While chemotherapy drugs can produce side effects, sleep disorders are not a typical complaint.
The nurse uses a noninvasive bladder ultrasound to measure the client’s bladder volume.
Sample Exercise Program for Healthy Older Adults (cont.)
Use a step stool to help an infirm client get on and off the table.
Building a Client Base
Positioning the client
Testing patellar reflex, client in a sitting position