The shift in scholarly work regarding nursing theories in the ...

[jon_i]

The shift in scholarly work regarding nursing theories in the late 1980s challenged nurses to include which of the following types of knowledge when theorizing?
 
  a. Clinical
  b. Intuitive
  c. Theoretical
  d. Substantive

Question 2

The physician asks the nurse to monitor the fluid volume status of a congestive heart failure patient and a patient at risk for clinical dehydration. What is the most effective nursing intervention for monitoring both of these patients?
 
  a. Weigh the patients every morning before breakfast.
  b. Ask the patients to record their intake and output.
  c. Measure the patients' blood pressure every 4 hours.
  d. Assess the patients for edema in extremities.

[stano32]

Answer to Question 1

D

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A Clinical knowledge was not related to this challenge.
B Intuitive knowledge was not related to this challenge.
C Theoretical knowledge had been the focus of theorizing for many years before the late 1980s.
D Meleis (1987) challenged nurses to direct their theorizing away from the processes by which nurses use knowledge and toward the equally challenging issues associated with the substance of that knowledgethat is, to include substantive knowledge.

Answer to Question 2

A
An effective measure of fluid retention or loss is daily weights; each kilogram (2.2 pounds) change is equivalent to 1 liter of fluid gained or lost. This measurement should be performed at the same time every day using the same scale and the same amount of clothing. Although intake and output records are important assessment measures, some patients are not able to keep their own records themselves. Blood pressure can decrease with ECV deficit but will not necessarily increase with recent ECV excess (heart failure patient). Edema occurs with ECV excess but not with clinical dehydration.