Answer to Question 1
A
When beginning a patient assignment, always conduct a focused but complete assessment of the patient's condition and ask what outcomes the patient expects in his or her care.
Answer to Question 2
A
Because the peristaltic contractions of the ureters are not strong enough to overcome gravity when the patient is reclining, the renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureters, which increases the patient's risk for urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal calculi. Renal calculi are calcium stones that lodge in the renal pelvis and pass through the ureters. Immobilized patients are at risk for calculi because of altered calcium metabolism and the resulting hypercalcemia.