Answer to Question 1
Ans: C
Feedback:
An involuntary loss of urine that occurs at somewhat predictable intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached is called reflex incontinence. The person is unable to sense bladder fullness because of neurologic impairment, and the bladder simply empties when a certain degree of bladder stretch occurs. Bladder emptying occurs at the sacral reflex level because of impairment of the connection to the cerebrum that allows voluntary inhibition of voiding. Reflex incontinence is seen in clients with neurologic impairment, such as a spinal cord lesion, cerebrovascular accident, or brain tumor. The sudden, involuntary loss of small amounts (less than 50 mL) of urine that accompanies a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure is called stress incontinence, termed urge incontinence. The person with urge incontinence is unable simultaneously to perceive a full bladder and to hold urine until reaching the bathroom. Functional incontinence involves the inability or unwillingness of a person with normal bladder and sphincter control to reach the bathroom in time to void.
Answer to Question 2
Ans: B, C, D
Feedback:
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the amount of plasma filtered through glomeruli per unit of time and is the best indicator of kidney function. Many labs now calculate an estimated GFR for all clients who have a serum creatinine test. To calculate the GFR you need the client's age, race, gender, and serum creatinine.
Critical thinking involves analysis in which the nurse examines patient data available from a variet
The nurse applies a pulse oximeter sensor on the client’s finger.
Comparison of Research Studies Exploring Nurse Caring Behaviors
Nurse administering enteral nutrition through a feeding tube.
Testing patellar reflex, client in a sitting position
Testing the Achilles tendon reflex with client in a supine position