The nurse working on the cardiac unit notes that the client has ...

[joesmith1212]

The nurse working on the cardiac unit notes that the client has an S2 murmur, which the nurse understands is caused by:
 
  1. Pulmonic or aortic valve backflow or regurgitation
  2. Mitral valve backflow or regurgitation
  3. Tricuspid valve backflow or regurgitation
  4. Poor coronary arterial circulation

Question 2

A client diagnosed with chronic bronchitis is awakened from sleep experiencing shortness of breath.
 
  The nurse suspects that he is experiencing orthopnea and suggests positioning him to minimize the dyspnea so he can sleep more peacefully. The nurse best describes this position to the client as:
  1. I'll use pillows to take the pressure off your lungs so that they can expand more effectively.
  2. By leaning forward and resting on these pillows, you will be least likely to be short of breath.
  3. This is an upright position that you will be comfortable in and able to breathe more effectively.
  4. We'll place two pillows behind your back so you are sitting more upright; that will let you rest better.

[Melissahxx]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: 1
Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves represents S2, or the second heart sound. Some clients with valvular disease have backflow or regurgitation of blood through the incompetent valve, causing a murmur that you can hear on auscultation. During ventricular diastole the atrioventricular (mi-tral and tricuspid) valves open and blood flows from the higher-pressure atria into the relaxed ventricles. This represents S1, or the first heart sound. A murmur is caused by blood turbulence, not coronary artery disease

Answer to Question 2

ANS: 4
Orthopnea is an abnormal condition in which the client uses multiple pillows when lying down or must sit with the arms elevated and leaning forward to breathe. The number of pillows used, such as two or three pillows, usually helps to quantify the orthopnea (e.g., two- or three-pillow or-thopnea).

[joesmith1212]

Excellent

[bimper21]

Gracias!