The client asks the nurse why the health care provider did not ...

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The client asks the nurse why the health care provider did not prescribe the same antibiotic that the client always receives for an infection. The best response by the nurse would be:
 
  1. It doesn't matter which antibiotic you take.
  2. You don't want to take the same antibiotic all the time.
  3. Try this medicine, and if you're not better in 10 days, return to the office.
  4. These bacteria have developed resistance and will respond better to this antibiotic.

Question 2

A leading factor in the development of bacterial resistance is the ability of bacteria to undergo:
 
  1. replication.
  2. conjugation.
  3. mutation.
  4. colonization.

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Answer to Question 1

Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Antibiotics are prescribed specifically for the type of pathogen causing the infection, and the selection of the correct antibiotic is important.
Rationale 2: This is a true statement but does not answer the client's question.
Rationale 3: This response does not provide the client with accurate information, and the client might need to return sooner than 10 days.
Rationale 4: Continuous use of the same type of antibiotic could lead to bacterial mutations that are insensitive to the effects of the antibiotic.
Global Rationale: Acquired resistance is the ability of an organism to become unresponsive over time to the effects of an anti-infective. Resistance can occur in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans. It is a major clinical problem that is growing in importance.

Answer to Question 2

Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Replication is bacteria reproduction, which does not necessarily play a role in the development of resistance.
Rationale 2: Conjugation occurs after resistance has developed and is the ability of the bacterium to pass its resistance to other bacteria.
Rationale 3: Due to their rapid growth, bacteria make errors in duplicating their genetic code, thus forming a mutation.
Rationale 4: Colonization refers to the ability of the bacteria to form a colony in the host.
Global Rationale: Microorganisms have the ability to replicate extremely rapidly. Under ideal conditions Escherichia coli can produce a million cells every 20 minutes, or 1  1021 cells in only 24 hours. During exponential division, bacteria make frequent errors, or mutations, while duplicating their genetic code. These mutations, which occur spontaneously and randomly, occasionally result in a change in physiology that gives a bacterial cell a reproductive advantage over its neighbors.

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Excellent

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