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For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.
Patients who have undergone chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer often complain of a lack of mental focus; memory loss; and a general diminution in abilities such as multitasking, attention span, and general mental agility.
People with high total cholesterol have about two times the risk for heart disease as people with ideal levels.
Prostaglandins were first isolated from human semen in Sweden in the 1930s. They were so named because the researcher thought that they came from the prostate gland. In fact, prostaglandins exist and are synthesized in almost every cell of the body.
The longest a person has survived after a heart transplant is 24 years.
![(A) Figure illustrating the location and appearance of a peptic ulcer in both the stomach and the du](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_10_09_12_7_09_46_8476830.jpeg)
![The distribution of cones and rods over the human retina. The figure illustrates the number of cones ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/30/medium_548020_05_06_17_11_21_54_302921286.png)