Answer to Question 1
The use of emails as evidence in court proceedings is a difficult area for the court system. Since the dates on computer systems could be altered by setting them to earlier or later dates the dates shown on emails may not be valid as evidence. Emails could also be sent from computers that do not belong to the person sending them. Therefore, some court systems are reluctant to allow emails to be admitted as evidence if it is time sensitive or sender sensitive evidence. If an email was printed and then signed and dated by the sender then it may be allowed as evidence in the same manner that signed and dated memos are permitted as evidence.
Answer to Question 2
The electronic signature component of the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act of 2000 refers to any electronic means such as an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a contract and other record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record (United States Congress S571-9, 2009 p 9). Signatures have to be attached or logically associated with the document to which they pertain.
Model for evidence-based clinical decision making.
Hierarchy of evidence
Evidence of Creep
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Pulse–chase labeling evidence of bidirectional DNA replication in mammalian chromosomes