Regarding ethical competence when working with religious and spiritual aspects in counseling, counselors should
a. avoid the discussion of religious and spiritual issues.
b. consider only translation (beliefs, creeds, and dogma).
c. consider only transformation (physical, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual breakthroughs).
d. consider both translation and transformation when working with religious and spiritual aspects in counseling.
Question 2
Which of the following in NOT true regarding the four waves of Arab immigration to the United States?
a. The first wave consisted largely of Christians who wanted to escape the Islamic Ottoman Empire.
b. The second wave arrived after World War II and included Palestinians, Syrians, Jordians, Egyptians, and Iraqis' who were fleeing their homelands due to political tensions.
c. The third wave has been termed the Brain Drain as immigrants were comprised predominantly of education Muslims.
d. The fourth wave included Iraqis who worked with the United States in their war efforts in the region.
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