Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: 1) Sensorimotor: birth-2 years, primary focused on the five senses to explore the world around them. 2) Preoperational: 2- 7 years, early speech that leads to operational thinking and complex high order thoughts. 3) Concrete-operational: 7-11 years, mathematical and logical processes, more advanced stages of reasoning. 4) Formaloperational: 11-early adulthood, abstract ideas, hypotheses, and cause and effect.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER: Advantages should center on the ability of children to explore their interests with few limitations and on the idea that learning may be more efficient when the individual child is ready to learn a particular skill or concept. Disadvantages should center on concerns about the amount of learning that takes place when the emphasis is not to rush or pressure children and on the need to include, in the curriculum, certain content that the children themselves might not identify.
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Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Napoleon on His Imperial Throne.
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