Answer to Question 1
Hemodialysis is the removal of blood from the body via an artery, passing it through a machine that filters the blood and returns it to the body via a vein. The machine removes chemical substances and water from the blood by passing it through tubes made of semipermeable membranes. The tubes are continually bathed by solutions which selectively remove unwanted material. The complications include a potential drop in blood pressure, weakness, possible infection at the entry/exit site of the body, and catabolic stress on the body.
Answer to Question 2
This is a surgical procedure that diverts blood from an artery to a vein by means of a catheter under the skin. In ESRD this is done so that both parts of this catheter, the artery and vein, can be used to attach the patient to a hemodialysis machine, without having to insert a needle into an artery and vein each time the procedure is to be completed.
Schematic hemodialysis machine
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