Answer to Question 1
Whenever we confront a crisis, large or small, our bodies produce powerful hormones that provide
extra energy. However, this stress response dampens immunity, reducing the number of some key
immune cells and the responsiveness of others. Stress affects the body's immune system in different ways, depending on two factors: the controllability or uncontrollability of the stressor and the mental effort required to cope with the stress.
An uncontrollable stressor that lasts longer than 15 minutes may interfere with cytokine interleukin-
6, which plays an essential role in activating the immune defenses. Uncontrollable stressors also produce high levels of the hormone cortisol, which suppresses immune system functioning. The mental efforts required to cope with high-level stressors produce only brief immune changes that appear to have little consequence for health. However, stress has been shown to slow pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which is essential for healing.
Answer to Question 2
purging
An electrocardiogram (EKG) wave, a record of the electrical signal as it moves through the conductio
Nervous system.
Why your body loves sleep
Using a Pegboard System
Procedures and Diagnostic Tests Related to the Female Reproductive System
Pathway by which the nervous system controls skeletal muscle contraction