Answer to Question 1
Stone formation causes an obstruction and prevents bile from leaving the gallbladder, thus trapping the bile, which acts as an irritant. The irritant causes cellular infiltration of the gallbladder wall, and an inflammatory response causes the gallbladder to enlarge and become edematous. If there is vascular occlusion and bile stasis, the lining of the gallbladder becomes necrotic. There is danger of rupture of the gallbladder and spread of infection to the hepatic duct and liver.
Answer to Question 2
A