Answer to Question 1
Answer: Many self-help books teach a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, which emphasizes changing your thoughts and behaviors. For example, someone who is anxious or depressed may think that one bad decision will cause the rest of his life to fall apartsay, that failing one exam means his whole life has been a failure. CBT teaches clients to question these beliefs, deciding instead that one exam does not mean much and it is better to focus on doing better next time. CBT is effective for treating a wide range of mental disorders.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Substance-related disorders involve problems with intoxicating substances such as drugs and alcohol. Individuals might continue to ingest a substance even though it leads to significant problems in their lives, such as losing relationships or being fired from a job. People are considered dependent when they need to take more and more to get the same effect (known as tolerance) or experience withdrawal symptoms after quitting.
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