Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
The guidelines for identifying and evaluating the risks to health from overweight and obesity rely on three indicators. The first indicator is a person's BMI. As a general guideline, overweight for adults is defined as BMI of 25.0 through 29.9, and obesity is defined as BMI equal to or greater than 30.
The second indicator is waist circumference, which, as discussed earlier, reflects the degree of abdominal fatness in proportion to body fatness. Women with a waist circumference greater than 35 inches and men with a waist circumference greater than 40 inches are at greater risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease than women or men with waist circumferences equal to, or below, these measures. In other words, waist circumference is an independent predictor of disease risk.
The third indicator is the person's disease risk profile. The disease risk profile takes into account life-threatening diseases, family history, and risk factors for heart disease (such as blood lipid profile). The higher the BMI, the greater the waist circumference, and the more risk factors, the greater the urgency to treat obesity. People who are obese or those who are overweight and have one or more indicators of increased risk of heart disease (diabetes, prediabetes, hypertension, abnormal lipid profile, or elevated waist circumference), have a high risk for disease complications and mortality that requires treatment to manage the disease or modify the risk factors.
Southernmost reindeer: a South Georgian reindeer with velvet-covered antlers
White Lion cub at Kromdraai, South Africa
Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Animal carcasses like this South African wildebeest provide important nutrition for both hunters and
Flynn Effect IQ scores have risen across developed countries in recent decades. Source: Flynn (199