Negative nitrogen balance occurs in a(n): a. adult who ...

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Negative nitrogen balance occurs in a(n):
 
  a. adult who participates in a weight-training program.
  b. woman who is pregnant or lactating.
  c. child who is growing.
  d. older adult with anorexia.

Question 2

A period of the life cycle during which positive nitrogen balance is most likely to occur is:
 
  a. childhood.
  b. young adulthood.
  c. middle adulthood.
  d. older adulthood.

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
A weight-training program, pregnancy and lactation, and childhood growth all result in positive nitrogen balance as new tissue is being formed. Negative nitrogen balance would occur in older adults with anorexia. As they lose weight, they break down muscle mass to provide energy. Muscle protein would lose its amine (nitrogen-containing) group; the resulting ketoacid would be used to generate energy; the amine group would be converted to ammonia in the liver and excreted as urea by the kidneys. This would cause loss of nitrogen from the body, resulting in negative nitrogen balance.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Positive nitrogen balance occurs during periods of growth when the amount of body tissue and muscle is increasing. This growth occurs during childhood but not generally during any phase of adulthood.

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