Answer to Question 1
Since dialysis therapy requires access to the circulatory system, patients receiving hemodialysis need to undergo a procedure that allows continual access to the bloodstream. Dialysis access is usually a permanent access site called an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), created surgically by fashioning in the forearm a subcutaneous joining of the radial artery and the cephalic vein or a tunneled catheter. If the patient's veins are not adequate for this procedure, an arteriovenous graft (AVG) can be created with a catheter. The AV fistula requires 4-6 weeks to become fully functional. A subclavian port is used temporarily if HD is required before the AV fistula is ready for use.
Answer to Question 2
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Surgical instruments prepared for a procedure.
The following terms describe types of body movement that occur at the diarthrotic joints
Urinary catheterization. The procedure involves the insertion of a flexible tube, or catheter, throu
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