Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
There are several environmental risk factors for obesity.
a . Food Production and Transportation. Some researchers suggest the mass production and preparation of ready-to-eat meals factor into the increase in obesity.
b. Other Technological Changes. Technological change may lead to an expanding food supply, putting downward pressure on the price of food, which in turn stimulates consumption at the consumer level.
c. Portion Sizes. The increase in portion size parallels the rising rate of obesity.
d. Food Available at Restaurants. A recent study found that fast-food and table service meals at restaurants are larger and have more calories than meals prepared at home.
e. Social Environment. Examples of factors in the social environment that may influence the risk of childhood overweight include parental overweight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, cumulative stress experienced by a child's mother, parental depression, which is a stressor on parenting behavior, and low rates of breastfeeding.
f. Urban Sprawl and the Built Environment. The walk ability of a residential area is thought to be an important predictor of body weight, with lower rates of overweight and obesity in more walk able neighborhoods.
g. Poverty. Obesity rates are higher in lower-income neighborhoods, states, and legislative districts.
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