Answer to Question 1
Low-income countries have high birth rates, high death rates, and low standards of living. When people's standard of living rises, giving them better access to health care, family planning, and education, the death rate falls. In time, the birth rate also falls. As the standard of living continues to improve, the family earns sufficient income to risk having smaller numbers of children. The relationships between the infant mortality rate and the population growth rate reveal that hunger and poverty reflect both the level of national development and the people's sense of security.
Answer to Question 2
Public health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control. Its purpose is to monitor the health and nutritional status of a population as a means of deciding how to allocate scarce resources, enhance the quality of life, and improve productivity.
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