Explain the surgical procedure the patient received. What will ...

[silviawilliams41]

Explain the surgical procedure the patient received.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

What risk factors does Mrs. Hoffman have for this disease?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[HandsomeMarc]

Answer to Question 1

The procedure, which is often called a Billroth II, is a partial gastrectomy with a reconstruction that consists of an anastamosis of the proximal end of the jejunum to the distal end of the stomach.

Answer to Question 2

 Mrs. Hoffman's major risk factor is that she smoked at least a pack of cigarettes per day for 46 years.
 Smoking is the major cause of COPD.
 > 90 of persons with COPD have a smoking history.
 She seems to have a family history as well, so perhaps there is a genetic susceptibility involved in the etiology of her disease.
 Mother and aunts died of lung cancer.
 She also has a history of frequent bronchitis and upper respiratory infections during the winter for most of her adult life (chronic presence of inflammatory cells).
 Recognize, though, that it is difficult to separate these out from her history of smoking.

[silviawilliams41]

Excellent

[bdobbins]

Gracias!