Answer to Question 1
Current Food Choices Substitution
Donut Bagel with fat-free cream cheese or English muffin
Butter Low-fat or fat-free margarine spread
Salad dressing Low-fat or fat-free salad dressing
Chicken Smaller portion 3-4 ounces
Added salt Mrs. Dash
2 beers 1 light beer
Soup Fruit Salad
Answer to Question 2
These are the preferred diagnostic tools for dysphagia.
Modified barium swallow:
- Fluoroscopy allows observations of the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus during a swallow.
- Barium is added to foods and liquids in order to observe the bolus.
Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing:
- small, fiberoptic endoscope (inserted through the nose) used to observe the oral pharynx and larynx while the patient swallows different consistency foods and liquids
Results are used to identify:
Absence/presence of dysphagia
Percentage (estimated amount) of aspiration
Bolus transit time
Motility problems
Pooling of food
Efficiency of swallow
Etiology of dysphagia
Efficacy of various compensatory or therapeutic strategies
It also offers opportunity to assess and test the safety of different types, textures, and amounts of food.
This lithograph by Currier and Ives gives an erroneous impression of the “battle.” Major Robert Ande
Recommendations for Family and Work Intersection
The crude oil refining showing most of the major steps and processes.
Major Wind Systems: Katabatic Winds
Hurricane Paths: Major Hurricane History
Major marma point locations.