Answer to Question 1
Across the life span, there is an increasing integration of emotion and logic in one's thinking. Older adults tend to make decisions based on pragmatic and emotional grounds, not simply on logical grounds. Roles and rules are viewed as relative, not absolute. Older adults realize that thinking includes compromise with others and that contradictions and ambiguity must be tolerated. One example of this is how young adults differ from middle-aged adults when considering the topic of unethical behavior in the workplace. Whereas younger adults would be more likely to view this behavior as completely unacceptable, older adults would be more likely to take into account contextual factors that may have caused the person to act in an unethical manner.
Answer to Question 2
According to Denney (1984), unexercised ability is the ability a normal healthy adult would have without practice or training. Fluid intelligence is an example of an untrained ability. Optimally exercised ability is what a normal healthy adult would demonstrate under the best conditions of training or practice. Crystallized intelligence is an example of an optimally exercised ability because the component skills (such as verbal ability) are used daily. The developmental course of both abilities is similar.
They tend to increase until adolescence or young adulthood and then slowly decline thereafter.
As a result of this change, deoxyhemoglobin S
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