Which of the following makes it difficult to make causal interpretations of experimental results?
A) independent variables
B) dependent variables
C) constant variables
D) confounded variables
E) none of the above
Question 2
In a well-designed experiment, there is only one systematic difference between the conditions. This difference is manipulated by the experimenter and is called the
A) between-subject variable.
B) within-subject variable.
C) dependent variable.
D) independent variable.
E) confounded variable.
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