Your text discusses the fact that there are three causal interpretations of correlations. If there is a correlation such that the more milk a child drinks the more weight he or she gains,
which of the following is not a possible causal interpretation of the finding?
a. Drinking milk makes children gain weight.
b. Gaining weight makes children drink more milk.
c. A third variable: onset of a growth spurt makes both more likely.
d. Obesity is caused by calcium intake.
Question 2
Based on the error in sampling in political polls that was described in your text, how would you recommend obtaining a representative sample for a poll (survey) about political candidates?
a. Conduct phone surveys using home phone numbers.
b. Poll people at the local office, which provides Food Stamps and other forms of assistance.
c. Give the poll face-to-face at college campuses nationwide.
d. Give the poll face-to-face at an average supermarket or post office.
A recruiting poster for the “True Sons of Freedom” encouraged African Americans to enlist. In fact,
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