Answer to Question 1
Answer: a
Answer to Question 2
Many people with substance use disorders do not seek or take full advantage of treatment opportunities because they fail to recognize the severity of their problems. Motivational interviewing is a nonconfrontational procedure that can be used to help people resolve their ambivalence about using drugs and make a definite commitment to change their behavior. The procedure is based on the notion that in order to make a meaningful change, people must begin by recognizing the inconsistency between their current behavior and their long-term goals. For example, chronic heavy drinking is not compatible with academic or occupational success. Motivational interviewing begins with a discussion of problems--issues reported by the patient as well as concerns that have been expressed by others, such as friends and family members. The person is asked to reflect on feedback that is provided in a non-threatening way. The therapist does not confront the person, argue about the reasons for drinking, or demand action. Instead, the therapist responds empathically in an effort to avoid or minimize defensive reactions that will interfere with attempts to change.
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Alcoholics Anonymous