How does the notion of effort justification relate to cognitive dissonance?
a. Effort justification is a type of cognitive dissonance.
b. Effort justification precedes cognitive dissonance.
c. Effort justification is often a motive for cognitive dissonance.
d. Effort justification is often used to reduce cognitive dissonance.
Question 2
The following scenario is not uncommon: Several people are waiting at a crosswalk, one of them decides to cross despite a red signal, andonce that happenseveryone else does the same. This is an example not just of conformity, but also of ____.
a. reinforcement theory
b. the social allergy effect
c. the bad apple effect
d. the propinquity effect
Cross-sectional data showing that the amount of effort spent on personal health care increases with
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