The defining characteristic of aggression is that the aggressor ...

[biggirl4568]

The defining characteristic of aggression is that the aggressor
 
  a. intends to harm another living being.
  b. actually causes physical or psychological harm.
  c. is angry or otherwise emotionally aroused during the aggressive act.
  d. derives enjoyment from the aggressive act.

Question 2

Discuss several different social norms as they relate to people's willingness to provide prosodies actions to others.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[Kdiggy]

Answer to Question 1

a

Answer to Question 2

The norm of reciprocity, for example, dictates that if someone has helped us, we
should help him or her in return. We discussed reciprocal altruism earlier in this
chapter many animals, including humans, help those who have helped them. Although
the norm of reciprocity is important across cultures, Joan Miller and others (2014)
propose that reciprocal norms are emphasized more in friendships among European
American populations than among Hindu Indian populations, where communal norms
are more emphasized. The norm of equity prescribes that when people are in a
situation in which they feel over benefited (receiving more benefits than earned), they
should help those who are under benefited (receiving fewer benefits than earned).
Some people subscribe to the norm of social responsibility, which dictates that people
should help those who need assistance. However, people may instead be motivated
more by concerns about justice or fairness, which emphasizes that people should help
those who deserve their assistance rather than simply because they need help (Lerner,
1998).