Answer to Question 1
Group structure is often described with regard to three features: roles, norms, and
cohesiveness. Roles refer to the sets of expected behavior for each individual group
member, and they may be formal or informal. Formal roles are explicitly stated: a
person is the leader, another person is the group scribe, and so forth. Informal roles are
more implicit: a particular member evolves into the group clown or caretaker..
Norms refer to the group standards and expectations that apply to all members--in
some ways, the norms are unifying while the roles provide differentiation within that
frame. Norms also may be explicitly stated (formal) or implicit (informal). Finally,
cohesion refers to how will the group sticks together.. Cohesive groups are
characterized by high attraction among members, and is associated with stronger
adherence to group norms. Consequently, the relationship between cohesion and
performance often depends on the nature of the group norms.
Answer to Question 2
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