The new look model of cognitive dissonance postulates 4 steps that must occur for people to experience and attempt to reduce cognitive dissonance. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as one of those steps?
a. People have to feel very little guilt.
b. People have to perceive personal responsibility for a negative outcome.
c. People have to perceive that there are negative consequences to their behavior.
d. People have to attribute their discomfort to the behavior in question.
Question 2
Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) asked participants to perform a boring task and then paid them either 20 dollars or 1 dollar to lie to the next participant by telling them that the study was enjoyable.
Afterwards they asked participants to rate how much they liked the task. The surprising' finding from Festinger and Carlsmith's study was:
a. The participants paid 20 reported liking the task more than those paid 1.
b. The participants paid 1 reported liking the task more than those paid 20.
c. Those paid 20 reported the same level of liking as participants paid 1.
d. The participants paid 20 really liked the task but lied to researchers about their level of enjoyment.
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