Describe the ways in which the timing of punishments and rewards ...

[APUS57]

Describe the ways in which the timing of punishments and rewards can be altered to reduce the consequence of short-sighted selfishness. Provide an example of each.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

The timing of rewards and punishments has a large impact on decisions for immediate self-interest versus long-term group benefit. Describe what is meant by moving future negative consequences into the present,
 
  and also adding immediate punishments for undesirable behaviors. Provide an example of each.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[guyanai]

Answer to Question 1

Answer: Four possible ways: using alternative technologies to change long-term negative consequences; moving future negative consequences to the present; adding immediate punishments for undesirable behaviors; reinforcing more desirable environmental alternatives.

Answer to Question 2

Answer: Moving future negative consequences to the present involves paying for current use or misuse of resources immediately, rather than in the future. Adding immediate punishments for undesirable behavior involves paying for this behavior immediately (rather than in the future), such as by paying daily for car pollution at the individual level.