Answer to Question 1
Answer:
The actor-observer effect is based on our tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational causes (causes that are external to the individual) and on our tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal (dispositional) causes. The result is that if two people engage in the same behavior, each will see the reason for his or her own behavior as being something in the environment, but see the other person's behavior as reflecting something within the self.
Answer to Question 2
Answer:
Photos of males and females exhibiting a variety of specific emotions were shown to participants. Each photo included an explanation for the emotional reaction. After seeing all of the photos, participants were again shown the photos and asked to make a snap decision about whether the person in the photo was being emotional or having a bad day. Results showed that people were more likely to say the men in the photos were having a bad day and that the women in the photos were emotional.
However, most research shows that there is not a difference in how emotional men and women are.
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